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A Red-Black Tree is a type of self-balancing binary search tree where each node contains an extra bit for denoting the color of the node, either red or black. It ensures that the tree remains approximately balanced during insertions and deletions, which helps in maintaining the time complexity for search, insert, and delete operations as O(log n). A Red-Black Tree satisfies the following properties: 1. Every node is either red or black. 2. The root is always black. 3. All leaves (NIL nodes) are black. 4. If a node is red, then both its children are black (i.e., no two red nodes can be adjacent). 5. Every path from a node to its descendant NIL nodes must have the same number of black nodes. These properties guarantee that the longest path from the root to a leaf is no more than twice _____ ________ _______ __________ ______ ____.
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