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Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) is a software engineering approach that models a system as a group of interacting objects. Each object represents an entity that has both data (attributes) and behavior (methods). OOAD focuses on identifying and organizing system requirements in terms of objects, which are real-world abstractions. It integrates the processes of object-oriented analysis (OOA), where system requirements are studied and modeled, and object-oriented design (OOD), where solutions are designed using object-oriented concepts. The primary goal of OOAD is to produce a system that is modular, reusable, maintainable, and scalable. It encourages encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism — key principles of object orientation — to ensure efficient system design. The basic constructs of object orientation include the following: 1. Object: An object is a real-world ______ ___ __________ ____ ____ ________ ___ ___ __________ ______ __________ ______.
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