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Traceability in agriculture and allied sectors refers to the ability to track and trace the movement of agricultural produce, inputs, and related products through all stages of production, processing, storage, transportation, and distribution. It involves systematically recording and maintaining information about the origin of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, animal feed, farming practices, harvesting methods, processing techniques, and distribution channels so that the entire history of a product can be accessed when required. In simple terms, traceability ensures that any agricultural commodity, whether it is rice, milk, fruits, meat, or fish, can be traced back to its source and tracked forward to the final consumer. This system enhances transparency, food safety, quality assurance, and accountability in the agricultural supply chain. In modern agriculture, traceability has become essential due to globalization of trade, rising consumer awareness, stringent food safety regulations, and the need to prevent food fraud and contamination. Outbreaks of foodborne diseases, pesticide residue issues, and adulteration have increased the demand for reliable tracking systems. Governments and international trade bodies now mandate traceability for export-oriented agricultural commodities. For example, fresh fruits and vegetables exported to developed countries must meet traceability standards that document farm-level practices, chemical usage, and post-harvest handling. Similarly, livestock products require identification and movement records to control disease outbreaks and ensure safe meat and dairy products. Technological innovations have revolutionized traceability systems in agriculture. One of the most significant advancements is the use of barcoding and Quick Response (QR) codes. Each batch of produce or individual product can be assigned a unique code that stores detailed information about its origin and journey. When scanned using a smartphone or scanner, the __________ ____ _________ ___ ___ ______ _____ __________ ___ _____.
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