What is meant by span of control? Discuss various factors affecting span of control.

Span of control, also known as span of management or span of supervision, refers to the number of subordinates or employees that a manager or supervisor can effectively manage, direct, and control. It is a fundamental concept in organizational structure and management theory, as it determines the hierarchical levels within an organization and the distribution of authority and responsibility among managers and employees.

The span of control is a critical factor in determining the effectiveness of an organization's management and communication processes. A narrow span of control involves a manager overseeing a small number of subordinates, while a wide span of control means a manager is responsible for a larger number of employees.

Factors affecting the span of control:

1. Nature of work:
   - Complex tasks: When the work involves complex tasks that require close supervision and guidance, a narrow span of control is more appropriate, as managers need to devote more time and attention to each subordinate.
   - Routine tasks: For routine and repetitive tasks that require less supervision, _________ ________ _____ ___ ______ ____ _______ ________ ______ __________ ___.
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