What is map projection? Describe the classification of map projections and their four basic categories.

Map projection is a systematic way of representing the surface of a three-dimensional object, such as the Earth, on a two-dimensional surface, such as a map. Since the Earth is spherical while maps are flat, some distortion is inevitable in this process. Map projections aim to minimize this distortion while accurately representing geographic features such as shape, area, distance, and direction.

Map projections can be classified into different categories based on various criteria such as the mathematical properties of the projection, the geometric shape used as a reference, or the way they distort the Earth's surface. Here are the four basic categories of map projections:

1. Cylindrical Projections:
   Cylindrical projections are created by wrapping a cylinder around the Earth and projecting the surface onto the cylinder. The resulting map is then ____ __________ _______ __________ ______ ________ _____ __________ _________ ____.
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