What is image statistics? Explain the univariate and multivariate image statistics in detail.

Image statistics refer to the quantitative measures derived from the pixel values of an image, used to analyze and interpret the characteristics of the image data in remote sensing and digital image processing. These statistics provide important information about the distribution, texture, and relationships of the pixel values, which help in image enhancement, classification, segmentation, and feature extraction.

Image statistics can be broadly classified into two categories: univariate and multivariate statistics. Both types play significant roles in understanding the underlying data structure and in making decisions during image analysis.

Univariate Image Statistics

Univariate image statistics focus on analyzing the pixel values of a single image band (or a single variable) independently. These statistics describe the distribution and variation of the pixel intensities in that single band without considering the relationships with other bands. Common univariate statistics include:

1. Mean (Average): The mean represents the average brightness or ____ _________ ________ _______ ______ ____ ____ _______.
   ________ ____ _________ ________ _______ ____ _____ ______ __________ ___.
   _____ ______ _________ ______ ________ _________ ___.
   _________ ___ _____ ________ ___ ___ _________ ______.
   ________ ____ ________ _____ ____ ______ _________ ______.
   ______ _____ ____ ___ _____ _______.
   _______ _________ _________ _____ __________ ________ ______ ____.
   ______ _____ ___ ___ ________ ____ ________ ________ _________ _______ _____ ___.
   _______ __________ __________ _________ ________ __________ ________ __________ ____.
   ______ _________ _________ ___ ____ _______.
   ____ ______ _________ ______ ______ _____.
   _______ _____ ______ ___ ______ _____ _____.
   __________ ______ ________ ___ ____ ___ ____ __________.
   ____ ___ ________ ____ ___ ________ _________ _______ __________ ____ ____.
   ____ _________ ____ ______ _________ _______.
   ______ ____ ______ __________ ____ _____ __________ _______ ______.
   _________ ___ _______ _______ __________ ____ __________ _______ __________.
   __________ _____ _______ ____ __________ _______ _____ ________ ____.
   ________ ___ ________ ______ __________ __________ ____ _____ _____ _________ _________ ________.
   _______ ______ ________ ____ ________ _________ __________ _____ _____ _____ __________.
   __________ _________ ________ ___ __________ _______ ____ _________ _____ ________ _______ ___.
   _________ _______ ______ _____ _____ _________ __________ ____ ______ __________ ____.
   ___ ___ ______ ______ _________ _________ ______ _____ _______.
   ____ _________ __________ _______ ___.
   __________ ________ ____ _____ ________ ___ ___.
   ___ ______ ________ _____ ______ ___ ____.
   ________ __________ __________ ____ ________ __________ __________ ___.
   _________ ____ ____ ___ ______ _____ _____ __________ __________ _________ _____.
   _______ ________ ________ ______ __________ _____ __________ ____ _____.
   ___ _________ ________ ___ ____ ______ _______.
   ___ ____ _______ __________ ______ ______ __________ ______ _________ _____ ___.
   ________ ______ _________ __________ _________ ______ ____ ______ ___ _____ __________.
   _____ _________ _____ __________ ____ _________ _________ ____ ______ _________ _____ ___.
   ____ ________ ____ ___ ________ _____ ___ _______ ________ _______ _________ ___.
   _______ ___ ______ ______ __________ _____ __________ _______.
   ____ ___ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _____ __________ _______ __________.
   __________ _______ ____ ____ _________.
   _________ ______ __________ ____ __________ _____ ______ _____ ________.
   ____ _________ _________ _____ _____ ________ ________ _______ _____ ___ ________ _________.
   ___ __________ __________ ____ ___ ________ ___ ________ ________ _____ _______.
   __________ ______ ____ ____ ________.
   ____ _________ ___ _______ ________ __________ _________ ______.
   _______ ____ ___ __________ __________ _________ ___ ________ __________ __________ __________.
   ______ ___ _________ _____ __________ ________ __________ _____ _____ _________ ________.
   ___ __________ ____ _________ ________.
   __________ ____ _____ ____ _________ _______ ___ _________ ___ ________.
   _________ __________ ________ _________ _____ _______ ____ _______.
   _____ _________ _________ _____ ____ _________ _______ ____ _____ _______ _________.
   __________ ___ _____ __________ ___.
   ________ ______ ____ ___ ___ ______.
   ____ _________ ___ ________ __________ ______ ________ _________ _____.
   ____ __________ __________ ________ ________.
   ________ ___ ________ ______ _____ __________ _________.
   __________ _____ _______ __________ _____ __________ _________ _______ ____ ___ _____.
   __________ ____ _____ ________ ___ _________.
   _______ ___ ___ ____ _________ ____ __________ ___ _______.
   _________ _______ ___ ___ _____ __________ _______ ____ ____ __________.
   __________ _____ _______ ________ ________ ___ ___ ___ _________ _____ ______ _________.
   ___ _________ ___ __________ _________ ___ ______.
   ______ _____ __________ __________ ______ ____ _________.
   ________ ________ _______ ______ _________ _______ ________.
   _______ ________ ___ __________ ____ _______ ____ __________ __________ ____.
   _______ _________ __________ _____ ___ ______ ____ ______ __________.
   ____ ____ ______ _____ __________ _____ ______ ____ _______ _____ ____.
   _____ ____ __________ ______ __________ _____.
   ____ ___ _____ _____ ___ ______ _________ _______ ___ ______.
   ______ ______ ____ _____ _____.
   __________ __________ _________ ______ _______ _________ __________.
   __________ __________ _________ __________ ___ ___ _________ ______.
   Get Full Answer on WhatsApp