What is hazardous waste? Describe its characteristics and differentiate between toxic and hazardous wastes.

Hazardous waste is waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.

• Characteristic hazardous wastes are materials that are known or tested to exhibit one or more of the following hazardous traits:
• Ignitability
• Reactivity
• Corrosivity
• Toxicity
• Listed hazardous wastes are materials specifically listed by regulatory authorities as hazardous wastes which are from non-specific sources, specific sources, or discarded chemical products.

Hazardous wastes may be found in different physical states such as gaseous, liquids, or solids. A hazardous waste is a special type of waste because it cannot be disposed of by common means like other by-products of our everyday lives. Depending on the physical state of the waste, treatment and solidification processes might be required.

The international community has defined the responsible management of hazardous waste and chemicals as an important part of developing a sustainable economy with Sustainable Development Goal 12. Target 12.4 measures two indicators to "achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals ______ __________ ____ _______ __________ ______.
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