What is Goal programming? What are the steps involved in Goal programming model formulation? Discuss the applications of Goal programming with suitable examples.

Goal programming is a branch of operations research that deals with the optimization of multiple, often conflicting, objectives. Unlike traditional linear programming, which seeks to optimize a single objective, goal programming aims to achieve the best possible solution in a scenario where there are several goals to be satisfied simultaneously. These goals can be either quantitative or qualitative, and the objective is not necessarily to achieve them perfectly, but to minimize deviations from the target values of these goals.

The essence of goal programming is to formulate the problem in such a way that the deviations from the desired goals are minimized. These deviations are represented by two types of variables: positive deviations (over-achievement of the goal) and negative deviations (under-achievement of the goal). The model seeks to minimize the weighted sum of these deviations, where the weights represent the relative _____ __________ _____ _______ _______ _____ ______ ___ ____ _________.
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