What is Fourier’s law? What are its key features?

Fourier's law is a fundamental law of heat conduction that describes the transfer of heat through a material. It states that the rate of heat flow through a material is directly proportional to the temperature difference across the material and the cross-sectional area, and inversely proportional to the thickness of the material. Mathematically, Fourier's law can be expressed as:

q = -kA(dT/dx)

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