Question

What is environment? Explain natural resource and environment security in India.

27 Feb 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 997
Environment refers to the totality of physical, biological and social surroundings in which living organisms exist and interact. It includes land, water, air, forests, minerals, climate, plants, animals and human beings along with their cultural, economic and political institutions. The environment is not merely a collection of natural elements but a dynamic system where biotic and abiotic components continuously influence each other. In the context of tribal economy, polity and governance, environment assumes special significance because tribal communities traditionally maintain a close and symbiotic relationship with nature. Their livelihood systems, social organization and belief structures are deeply rooted in forests, rivers, hills and other natural resources. Natural resources are the materials and components provided by nature that are useful to humans for survival and development. These include renewable resources such as forests, water, soil and wildlife, and non-renewable resources such as minerals, fossil fuels and certain groundwater reserves. In India, natural resources form the backbone of both rural and tribal economies. Forest produce like bamboo, tendu leaves, honey, lac and medicinal plants constitute a significant part of tribal livelihoods. Land and water resources support agriculture, shifting cultivation and pastoral activities. Minerals such as coal, bauxite and iron ore, often ____ _______ ________ ____ ____.
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