What is electron microscopy? Explain how does this microscopy differ from light microscopy?

Electron microscopy (EM) is a powerful imaging technique used to observe the ultrastructure of cells and tissues at very high resolution. Unlike light microscopy, which relies on visible light to create images, electron microscopy uses a beam of electrons. This fundamental difference enables EM to achieve much higher magnifications and resolutions, making it a crucial tool in cell biology for studying the fine details of cellular components, such as organelles, proteins, and membranes, at the nanometer scale.

The basic principle behind electron microscopy involves the use of a focused beam of electrons, which is passed through or reflected off a sample. The interaction of these electrons with the sample produces signals that are captured and converted into images. These signals include transmitted electrons, secondary electrons, and backscattered electrons, each providing different types of information about the sample’s structure and composition. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are _________ ___ __________ ___ _______ ______.
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