What is camera calibration? Explain how it helps to estimate the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of a camera.

Camera calibration is a process in digital image processing and computer vision that determines the parameters of the camera used to capture images. The main goal is to establish the relationship between 3D real-world coordinates and their corresponding 2D image coordinates. Calibration is crucial for applications like 3D reconstruction, augmented reality, object measurement, and robotic vision, where accurate spatial information is ______ _________ ___ ____ ____ _____ ______ _______ ____ ___.
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