What do you understand by the term ‘subaltern’? Discuss the two phases the Subaltern Studies in India.

The Subaltern Studies is the title given to a series of volumes initially published under the editorship of Ranajit Guha, the prime mover and the ideologue of the project. He edited the first six volumes of the Subaltern Studies. The next five volumes are edited by other scholars associated with the project. Right from the beginning the Subaltern Studies took the position that the entire tradition of Indian historiography before it have had elitist bias. The historians associated with the Subaltern Studies declared that they would set the position right by writing the history from the point of view of the common people.

basically two phases in the career of the Subaltern Studies. Phase I consists of : a) concern with the subaltern, i.e., lower, exploited classes; b) criticism of the elite, i.e., exploiting classes; and c) influence of Gramscian thought and Marxist social history and an attempt to work within broader Marxist theory. In the second phase, there is a clear shift ____ _________ ______ ________ ___ ___ _____ ________ _________ ____ _______ _____.
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