What do you understand by the term ‘attachment’? Describe the development of attachment during infancy with examples. Delineate behaviours of caregivers that help in attracting the infant’s attention and serve to maintain social interaction.

Attachment is a crucial aspect of human development that refers to the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver. This bond is considered essential for the child's emotional and social well-being and lays the foundation for future relationships. Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby and expanded upon by Mary Ainsworth, highlights the importance of early emotional bonds in shaping a child's cognitive and emotional development.

The development of attachment during infancy can be categorized into stages, primarily outlined by Ainsworth, and is influenced by the responsiveness and behaviors of caregivers. The stages include:

1. Pre-Attachment (Birth to 6 Weeks):
   - Infants at this stage show no distinct attachment to a particular caregiver.
   - They are comforted by anyone and do not yet demonstrate a preference.

2. Attachment-in-the-Making (6 Weeks to 6-8 Months):
   - Infants start to develop a preference for familiar people, especially their primary caregiver.
   - They begin to respond differently to familiar and unfamiliar faces but are not fully attached.

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