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Prior Informed Consent (PIC) refers to a fundamental principle in the management of intellectual property rights, particularly in the context of biological resources, traditional knowledge, and genetic materials. It denotes the legal and ethical requirement that permission must be obtained from the rightful holders or custodians of resources or knowledge before accessing, using, or exploiting them for research, commercial, or industrial purposes. The concept of PIC ensures that the provider of the resource or knowledge is fully informed about the nature, scope, and potential consequences of its use, and that consent is given voluntarily without coercion or deception. The idea of Prior Informed Consent emerged prominently in international environmental and intellectual property frameworks to address concerns about biopiracy and the unauthorized use of indigenous knowledge and biological materials. It is closely associated with fairness, transparency, and equitable benefit-sharing. PIC serves as a protective mechanism for indigenous communities, local populations, and sovereign states by recognizing their rights over resources and knowledge that originate within their territories or traditions. The term “prior” implies that consent must be obtained before any access or utilization takes place. This ensures that the resource provider has an opportunity to assess the implications of __________ ____ ___ ______ ______ _____ ______ ____.
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