What do you understand by ‘Policy Deployment’ in TQM? Discuss. 

Policy Deployment, also known as Hoshin Kanri or Strategy Deployment, is a key concept in Total Quality Management (TQM) that involves aligning an organization's strategic goals with its operational activities and ensuring their effective execution throughout the organization. It is a systematic approach to strategic planning and execution, enabling organizations to translate their vision and long-term objectives into actionable plans and measurable outcomes. Policy Deployment facilitates a coordinated and focused effort towards achieving organizational goals while promoting continuous improvement and employee engagement.

Key Elements of Policy Deployment:

1. Strategic Planning: Policy Deployment begins with the development of a clear strategic plan that outlines the organization's vision, mission, and long-term objectives. The strategic plan serves as a guidepost for decision-making and goal-setting at all levels of the organization.

2. Goal Alignment: The strategic goals are cascaded down through the organization, ensuring alignment and consistency at each level. This involves breaking down the high-level objectives into specific goals and targets that are relevant and measurable for each department, team, and individual.

3. Catchball Process: Policy Deployment encourages a collaborative approach to goal-setting and decision-making through a process called catchball. Catchball involves a back-and-forth exchange of _________ _____ _____ _____ _________.
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