What do you understand by intellectual property induced dominance? Explain abuse of such dominance with the help of examples. 

 The dominant market position of an undertaking is determined based on (among others) the following factors:

• its market share and competition situation in the relevant market;
• its ability to control the sale and/or purchase market of raw materials;
• its financial and technical conditions;
• the extent of its dependence on other undertakings; and
• the difficulty of entering the relevant market for other undertakings.

It is still difficult to consider fully all of these factors when determining whether an undertaking holds a dominant market position and there is no objective quantitative standard. Therefore, Article 19 states that undertakings which meet any of the following criteria can be assumed to hold a dominant market position:

• a single undertaking with more than one-half of the relevant market share;
• two undertakings _____ _____ __________ _______ ____ ________ ____ ________ _____.
  ______ ___ ________ __________ ______ ____ ________ ______ ____.
  ______ _____ ______ _______ ____ ____ _______.
  _____ ______ _____ ____ ____ __________ ___ _________ __________.
  _______ _____ ___ __________ ____ ______ ________ _________ __________ _________ ________.
  ____ ___ _________ ___ ______ _____ ____ ______.
  ______ ___ ________ _____ ___ ______.
  ___ _______ _______ __________ _____ _______ ____ ________ ____ ______.
  ______ ___ ___ ______ _________ _______ __________ _______ _______ ______ _________.
  __________ ___ _____ ___ _____ _________ _______ _________ ___ __________ _________.
  ___ _________ ________ _________ ______.
  ______ ____ ___ _____ ___ ___ ___ _______ ____ ___ _______.
  _________ _______ ________ ________ _______ _________ _________ ________ __________ ____ _________.
  _________ ______ _________ __________ ______ _____ ________ ____ ____ ______.
  __________ ________ ______ ______ _________ ______ _______ _________ ___ ___ ___.
  __________ _________ _________ ___ ______ ________ _________.
  _________ __________ _____ __________ _____.
  ____ _______ ______ __________ ____ ______ __________ ____ _________ ____ ______ ______.
  ___ __________ _________ ___ __________.
  ______ ______ _____ ___ ____.
  _____ _____ _____ ______ _____.
  ___ _______ ___ ____ _________ _____ _________.
  _________ _______ _________ ______ __________ ___ ____ _______.
  _______ ___ _______ ____ ____ _____.
  __________ _______ ________ _______ __________ ____ __________ ____.
  _____ ________ _______ ____ ____ __________ ____ _________ _____ ________.
  _____ ______ __________ ____ _____ __________ ____ _____ __________ ________ ______.
  ______ ____ __________ _________ _____.
  ______ ______ _________ _____ _________ _______ _____ ___ _____ _________.
  _________ __________ _________ _________ _________ ____ _________ ___.
  ______ ___ ____ _____ _________ _______ ____ ________ ________ ______ _____.
  _______ ____ __________ __________ ____ ________.
  _______ __________ __________ _____ _________ _______.
  _______ ____ _____ ___ ________ ____ _________ _______ ____ ________.
  ________ _____ ___ ___ __________ __________ ______ _________ ________.
  ______ _________ ________ ____ ________ __________ _______ _____ _____ _______ _____.
  ____ __________ ____ ______ _____ ____.
  _________ __________ ______ ____ ___ _______ ________ _____ _________ _______ _______ ___.
  ______ _____ ___ _____ ______ ________ ___ ____ __________ ____ ____ _______.
  ___ _________ ____ ______ ____ __________ _____ __________ ________ ____ ________ ___.
  __________ _____ ___ ______ _____ _____ ___.
  ___ ____ ___ _____ ______ _____ ________ ______.
  _________ _____ _____ _______ _____.
  ______ ______ ________ ___ __________ ______ ________ _________ _______ ___ __________ ____.
  ________ __________ __________ __________ ____.
  _______ _____ ________ ______ ________ _______.
  _______ ________ _____ ______ ____ ___ ________ __________ _____.
  _________ _______ ______ _________ _______ __________ __________ _________ __________ ________ _________ ___.
  ___ ______ _____ ________ _______ ________ __________ __________ ___ ______ _________.
  ___ ________ _______ ___ _____ _____ __________ __________ _____ ___ ________ __________.
  __________ ________ _______ _______ ____ ____ __________ ___ ____ ________ __________.
  ______ _______ ________ ___ _________ ____ ______ ___.
  _________ __________ __________ _________ _________ ____ ___.
  ________ ______ ________ ___ ______ ___ ___ ___.
  __________ ______ ___ ___ __________ _______ ____ ______ ______ ______.
  ____ _______ ___ ______ ________ ____ _____ __________ ______ __________ ____.
  ________ ___ _________ ______ _______ ______ _____.
  ________ ___ _____ ____ _____ ___ ________ ______ _________ _______ _______.
  ____ _____ _______ _____ _____ ___ _______ __________ ________ __________ _________ _____.
  _____ ___ ________ _______ ______.
  ______ __________ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ _______.
  ____ _______ __________ __________ _____ ______ _____ __________ ____ ____.
  ____ ___ _________ ______ ____ _________ _________ ______ _________.
  __________ ____ ______ _______ ________.
  ______ ______ ___ _____ _______.
  _________ _________ __________ ____ _________ ____ __________ ________.
  _______ ___ ____ _____ __________ _______.
  _____ __________ ______ ______ _________ ___ ________ ________ _______ _______.
  ______ ______ ____ ______ ________ ________ ________ ________ ___ ________ _______ _____.
  ________ __________ _____ _____ _____ _______ _____.
  ________ ___ ______ _____ _____ ____ __________ ___ ______ _______ _______ ______.
  ___ ____ ________ ______ _________ _______.
  ______ ___ ___ __________ ________ _________ ________ __________ ____.
  _______ ______ _______ _______ ____ _____ _______.
  _____ ______ _______ ___ ___.
  _____ _______ __________.
  Get Full Answer on WhatsApp