What do you understand by archaeological exvation? What is the difference between archaeological exploration and excavation?

Archaeological excavation refers to the systematic process of digging, uncovering, and studying the physical remnants of past human civilizations, typically located beneath the earth’s surface. Excavations are carried out to retrieve artifacts, structures, bones, and other materials that help researchers understand historical contexts, lifestyles, cultural practices, and other aspects of ancient societies. The goal of excavation is not only to uncover these items but also to carefully document and analyze the stratigraphy—the layers of soil deposited over time—to interpret the sequence of human activities and the development of past civilizations.

Archaeological excavation typically involves several steps. First, an area is chosen for excavation based on theoretical research or previous surveys that suggest the presence of ancient remains. The excavation site is then carefully mapped, and the process of digging begins. Archaeologists use _________ ______ _________ _____ ____ _______ ___ __________ _____.
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