What do you understand by animal welfare indicators? Critically differentiate between resource, management and animal based measures to assess animal welfare with examples.

Animal welfare indicators are scientifically validated tools or measures used to assess the physical and psychological well-being of animals. In the context of Animal Welfare Science and Ethics, these indicators aim to provide objective, reliable, and reproducible methods to evaluate how well an animal is coping with its living conditions. Welfare indicators help in identifying poor welfare, monitoring improvements, and guiding ethical and legal decisions. The assessment of animal welfare is crucial not only for ensuring humane treatment of animals but also for aligning husbandry _______ _____ ______ ___ ______ ____.
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