What do you understand by a nested structure? Explain with an example. Also, explain how would you access the members of a structure or a nested structure using pointers?
A nested structure in C is a structure definition that appears within another structure definition. It allows you to create a structure where one or more of its members are themselves structures.
Here's an example to illustrate a nested structure:
#include <stdio.h>
// Define a structure for storing date
struct Date {
int day;
int month;
int year;
};
// Define a structure for storing student information, which includes a nested Date structure
struct Student {
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Write a loop that examines each character in a character type array called text, and determines how many of the characters are letters, how many are digits, how many are whitespace characters, and how many are other characters.
A C program contains the following statements:
char u, v = ‘A’;
char *pu, *pv = &v;
*pv = v+1;
u = *pv + 1;
pu = &u;
Suppose each character occupies one byte of memory. If the value assigned to u is stored in (hexadecimal) address F8C and the value assigned to v is stored in the address F8D, then
i) What value is represented by &v?
ii) What value is assigned to pv?
iii) What value is represented by *pv?
iv) What value is assigned to u?
v) What value is represented by &u?
vi) What value is assigned to pu?
Arrange the following operators in descending order of their priority. If any two operators have the same priority, then specify their associativity. + =, %, +, ∗, ∗(unary), ! =, −, ++
Write the inorder, preorder and postorder traversals of the following binary search tree
Write the output of the following C codes, with proper justification for each.
i) main()
{
int a = 2, b = 4, c = 5;
a = b + c;
b = a + c;
c = a - b;
printf("%d,%d,%d", a, b, c);
}
ii) main()
{
printf("%d", ‘C’ + ‘P’ + ‘r’ + ‘o’ + ‘g’ + ‘r’ + ‘a’ + ‘m’);
}
iii) main()
{
int i, j = 1;
for(i = 1; i <= 10; i = i + 2)
{
j = i - j;
while(j <= 2)
printf("%d ", i+j++);
}
}
iv) main()
{
int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;
int *p = 2;
a = c/*p;
b = c;
printf("a = %d, b = %d", a, b);
}
v) func(int x)
{
static int a = 0;
a += x;
return(a);
}
main()
{
int p;
for(p = 1; p <= 5; ++p)
printf("%d", fun(p));
}
Define a structure of type hms containing three integer members, called hour, minute and second, respectively. Then define a union containing two members, each a structure of type hms. Call the union members local and home, respectively. Declare a pointer variable called time that points to this union.
Suppose you wish to solve the equation for x. Rearrange this equation to get an appropriate fixed point iteration method. Then write a program to get an approximate value of the root of the equation. The initial guess must be entered by the user. Your programme must be able to flag a warning message if the initial guess is too far from the exact root. In that case, your program must be able to suggest an initial guess to the user. Terminate the program and print the current value of the root as soon as the difference between two successive approximations becomes smaller than 0.005