What do you understand by file organisation? Explain the methods of file organisation.
File organization refers to the way data is arranged and stored within a file. It defines the structure and layout of data in a file, which impacts how efficiently data can be accessed, searched, and manipulated. The choice of file organization depends on various factors such as the nature of data, access patterns, and performance requirements.
Some common methods of file organization are :
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Sequential File Organization:
- In sequential file organization, data is stored in a sequential manner, one record after another, with no specific order.
- Records are typically fixed-length or variable-length, but _________ ______ _________ ________ _______ _____ _________ ________.
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Suppose you wish to solve the equation for x. Rearrange this equation to get an appropriate fixed point iteration method. Then write a program to get an approximate value of the root of the equation. The initial guess must be entered by the user. Your programme must be able to flag a warning message if the initial guess is too far from the exact root. In that case, your program must be able to suggest an initial guess to the user. Terminate the program and print the current value of the root as soon as the difference between two successive approximations becomes smaller than 0.005
Arrange the following operators in descending order of their priority. If any two operators have the same priority, then specify their associativity. + =, %, +, ∗, ∗(unary), ! =, −, ++
Explain the meaning of the terms garbage collection, fragmentation, relocation and compaction.
Write a C program which reads a line of text from keyboard, and writes the line to a file with lower case letters converted to upper case and vice-versa
Consider the following structure declaration of a doubly linked list:
struct dlink
{
int nodeid;
dlink *next;
dlink *prev;
} dlink t;
A pointer of the head of the linked list is maintained as a global variable, whose
definition is
dlink t *head;
The function remove element(dlink t *rp) defined below needs to remove the
node pointed to rp and adjust the head. The first node’s prev and the last node’s
next are NULL.
remove element(dlink t *rp)
{
rp->prev->next = rp->next;
rp->next->prev = rp->prev;
if(head == rp)
head = rp->next;
}
Explain whether the function remove element() works properly or not.
Write the inorder, preorder and postorder traversals of the following binary search tree
A C program contains the following statements:
char u, v = ‘A’;
char *pu, *pv = &v;
*pv = v+1;
u = *pv + 1;
pu = &u;
Suppose each character occupies one byte of memory. If the value assigned to u is stored in (hexadecimal) address F8C and the value assigned to v is stored in the address F8D, then
i) What value is represented by &v?
ii) What value is assigned to pv?
iii) What value is represented by *pv?
iv) What value is assigned to u?
v) What value is represented by &u?
vi) What value is assigned to pu?