What do you mean by Total Quality Management (TQM)? Suggest the ways to ensure TQM in higher educational institutions.

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management approach that seeks to optimize the quality of an organization's products and services by involving all its employees in a continual process of improvement. TQM is a customer-focused approach that involves constantly improving all aspects of an organization's operations, from product design and development to production and delivery.

TQM is based on the belief that quality should be built into a product or service from the beginning, rather than being inspected and corrected after the fact. This means that every employee in an organization, from the CEO to the front-line workers, is responsible for ensuring the quality of the products or services they produce.

One of the key principles of TQM is continuous improvement, or the idea that an organization should never be satisfied with its current level of quality and should always be looking for ways to improve. This is achieved through a number of tools and techniques, such as process mapping, statistical process control, and root cause analysis.

Another key principle of TQM is employee empowerment. TQM believes that giving employees the authority and responsibility to make decisions and solve problems leads to higher levels of job satisfaction and motivation, as well as improved quality. This is achieved through training programs, team-based approaches, and open communication channels.

TQM also emphasizes the importance of strong leadership in creating and maintaining a culture of quality. This includes not only top-down leadership, but also leadership at all levels of the organization. Leaders are responsible for setting a vision for quality, establishing a strategy for achieving it, ___ ______ _______ _________ ____ _______ _________ _________ _____ ___ ____.
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