What do you mean by Encryption? Describe RSA algorithm with examples.

Encryption is a crucial concept in the realm of cybersecurity and digital privacy. It refers to the process of converting plain text or data into an unreadable format, called ciphertext, using an algorithm and a key. The purpose of encryption is to ensure that only authorized parties can access and understand the original data, thus protecting it from unauthorized access or interception.

RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) is one of the most widely used asymmetric encryption algorithms, named after its inventors Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman. It utilizes a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. The security of RSA relies on the difficulty of factoring large prime numbers, which forms the basis of its mathematical operations.

Here's how RSA encryption works:

1. Key Generation: 
   - Choose two distinct prime numbers, p and q.
   - Calculate their product, n = p * q. This is the modulus for both the public and private keys.
   - Calculate Euler's totient function φ(n) = (p-1)(q-1).
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