What do you mean by Cryptography? Describe its data security techniques.

Cryptography and Its Data Security Techniques

Cryptography is the practice of securing communication and data from unauthorized access by converting it into a coded format. It involves techniques that ensure data confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation. In the realm of cybersecurity, cryptography plays a crucial role in protecting sensitive information from hackers, cybercriminals, and malicious attacks. Python, as a programming language, provides various libraries and tools to implement cryptographic techniques effectively.

Types of Cryptography

1. Symmetric Cryptography – Uses a single key for both encryption and decryption.
2. Asymmetric Cryptography – Uses a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.
3. Hashing – Converts data into a fixed-length hash value that cannot be reversed.

Data Security Techniques in Cryptography

1. Encryption and Decryption

Encryption is the process of converting plaintext data into ciphertext, making it unreadable without a decryption key. Decryption is the reverse process, converting ciphertext back into plaintext.

Symmetric Encryption (AES Example in Python)

Python provides the cryptography library to implement encryption and decryption.

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