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The understanding of disability has evolved over time, and this evolution is reflected in the conceptual frameworks or models that societies, policymakers, and social workers have used to approach disability. Three major models stand out in this regard: the Charity Model, the Medical Model, and the Human Rights Approach. Each of these frameworks offers a different perspective on the nature of disability, the role of society, and the responsibilities of individuals and institutions. Understanding the key differences between these models is crucial in the field of social work and social development, as it shapes interventions, policy-making, and advocacy for persons with disabilities. The Charity Model of disability is historically one of the earliest approaches used to understand and respond to the needs of people with disabilities. In this model, disability is seen primarily as a personal tragedy or misfortune. Individuals with disabilities are perceived as helpless, dependent, and in need of care and protection from others. The emphasis is on providing charitable assistance, often through donations, voluntary services, or institutional care. Society is positioned as the benevolent caretaker, while the person with a disability is the passive recipient of help. The core assumption is that disability limits an individual’s ability to participate in society, and thus the response is primarily philanthropic. While this model can bring immediate relief, it tends to reinforce dependency, limit empowerment, and perpetuate stigmatization. The Charity Model often fails to address the structural and social barriers that prevent people with disabilities from exercising their rights and participating fully in community life. The Medical Model, on the other hand, frames disability as a problem located within the individual. This model emphasizes diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation as primary solutions. Disability is considered a deviation from the normative physical or mental functioning, and the focus is on curing, reducing, ________ _________ __________ ____ _______ _________ ________ ____ _________ _____ ___.
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