What are the steps suggested at the regional and international level to curb biopiracy and misappropriation of genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated therewith ? Discuss.

Biopiracy refers to the illegal or unethical appropriation of biological resources, including plant genetic materials and associated traditional knowledge, often without fair compensation to the indigenous communities that have traditionally conserved and used these resources. This issue has gained significant attention in the international arena due to its potential to undermine the rights of local communities, biodiversity, and cultural heritage. Several steps have been suggested at both regional and international levels to curb biopiracy and the misappropriation of genetic resources and traditional knowledge. These steps seek to establish fair mechanisms for access and benefit-sharing (ABS), protect the intellectual property rights of indigenous communities, and promote sustainable practices in biotechnology and plant breeding.

### 1. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

At the international level, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which came into force in 1993, provides a framework for addressing biopiracy. One of the central objectives of the CBD is the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. This is embodied in Article 15, which requires countries to adopt legislation to ensure that access to genetic resources is subject to prior informed consent _________ _____ ______ _______ _______ ___.
_________ __________ _________ __________ _____ _____.
___ _____ ____ ___ _____ ___.
______ ______ ___ ____ ____ __________.
________ ____ ________ __________ ________ ________ ____ _____ ______ _______ __________ ____.
_____ _________ ____ ________ _____.
____ ________ __________ __________ _____ ____ __________.
____ _____ ___ __________ ______ _________ _____ __________ _______.
______ ____ __________ _______ ____ ____ ___ ____ _____ __________ _______ _____.
_______ __________ ______ _______ _________ ________ ______ ________.
______ _________ _____ ___ ________ _____ ________ _____ _________ ___ _________ _____.
_____ ______ _____ ____ _______ _____ _____.
_________ ___ ______ ____ _______ _______ ________ _________ ________ ________.
___ ______ _________ _________ ____ ___ _____.
_______ _____ ____ _______ _________ ___ _____ _____ ______ _________.
________ ____ _____ _________ ______ ____ _____ _________.
__________ _______ _______ _____ _______.
__________ ___ ___ _________ ___ _______ ____ __________.
___ ____ _____ ___ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ _________ _____.
________ ____ ___ ______ ____ __________ __________ _______.
_______ ________ _______ ___ __________ _________ _____ ________ ___ ___.
__________ _________ __________ ________ _______ _________ _______.
___ ________ ____ ______ _______ _________ __________ ___ ________.
______ __________ ________ __________ _________ ____ _______ _________.
______ __________ ________ ______ _________ _________ _____ _______ _____ ____.
________ ____ __________ ______ ________ _________ ________ _________ ____ ___.
_____ ___ ___ _____ ________ ______ _______ _______ ___.
_______ _________ _________ __________ ________ _______ ______ __________ _____ ______.
______ ______ ____ ____ ________ ___ _________ __________.
______ ______ _____ _________ ___ _____.
______ ______ _______ _______ ______ _________.
_____ ____ __________ ______ ________ _____ _________ __________.
______ __________ ______ ____ _________.
________ ___ ________ _______ __________ ___ ___ ________ _________.
__________ ___ ________ __________ _____ _________ _______ ____ ___ __________ _____ ______.
_______ ______ ______ _____ ___ ______ _____.
_________ ________ _____ _________ _____ ______ _________ ________ _________.
___ ________ _______ __________ ________ _______ _________ ___ _______ _______.
___ _______ ________ ___ __________ ____ ______ _______ _____ __________ ___ _____.
________ _______ ____ __________ ____ _________ ____ _____ _________.
______ ____ ____ _____ _______ _______ ____ ______ _________ ________ ______.
_____ _______ _________ __________ _______.
__________ ______ _____ __________ _________ ______ ___ _________ __________ ___.
_____ ____ ___ ________ _______ ___.
_____ ___ ______ ________ _____ ___ _____ _________.
______ ______ ______ ___ __________ ________ _________.
___ _____ ____ __________ ________ __________.
______ ________ ________ _______ ___.
____ _________ ________ _______ ________ ____ ____ __________ _____ __________ _____ ______.
_________ ______ ________ _________ ____ ____.
_______ _____ __________ ____ ________.
_______ _______ _______ _____ ___ _________.
_________ _______ ________ _______ ______ ________.
________ _____ _____ ______ __________ ____ ________.
___ __________ __________ ___ ________ ___ ___ ___ ___.
_____ ___ ______ ____ ____ ______ ____ _______.
___ ______ ___ ____ _____ _______ ___.
___ _______ ____ ___ ______ ______ _____ _______ _________.
_________ _______ ______ _____ ____ ___ ______ _______.
_____ ____ __________ _________ ____ __________ __________ __________ _____ ___.
_________ ______ ___ __________ _______ __________ ____ ________ __________ __________ _____ ___.
______ ____ _______ _____ ____ _______ ___ _______ _____ ___ _______ _____.
___ __________ _________ ________ ______ _______ __________ _______ _____.
____ ______ _______ __________ _______.
_____ ____ _________ __________ __________ _____.
_______ _______ _____ _______ ______ ____.
__________ ____ ____ ______ _______ __________.
_____ __________ _____ ______ _________ ___ ________ ____.
__________ _________ _______ ____ __________ ______ ________ _____ _______ ____ __________ ___.
__________ ________ ____ ______ ________ __________ _______ ________.
_____ ________ ___ __________ ___ _______ _________ ______.
_____ ________ _______ _________ _________.
____ __________ _____ ___ _________ ____ ______ ______ ______ ________.
____ ___ ________ ________ ___ ___ ___ ______ ____ _______ _________ ____.
_________ _____ ____ __________ ______.
______ __________ ___ _______ ___ ______ _______ _____ _______ _________.
__________ _________ ___ _____ ____ _________.
_________ _________ _________ ________ ______ _____.
________ ___ ____ ___ __________.
________ __________ _________ _____ _____ ___ _______ ___ ________ __________ _______.
________ ______ _____ ____ ______ _____ __________ ______ _________ _______ ___.
_________ ___ _______ ___ ____ _________ _________ ____ ______ _______ __________ __________.
_______ __________ ______ ________ ______ __________ ________ ________ ___ ____ _________ __________.
____ __________ _________ _______ ____ ___ _________ __________ ____ ________ ___.
_______ ___ ________ ___ ____.
_________ _______ ______ ____ ___ ____ ___ ______ _________ _________.
______ ___ ______ _______ _________ ______ ______ _________ ___ _________ _____.
____ ____ ______ __________ _________ _________ ____ ________ ________.
______ _____ _____ __________ _________ ________ ______ _______ ______ _____ ___.
____ ___ ______ ___ ________.
_________ ____ _________ _______ ___ ___ ____ ______ _______ _________ ___ ______.
_______ ______ ______ ______ ____ ____ ____ _________ ____.
________ _________ ___ _____ ____ __________ ______ _______ ____ _____ _____ ______.
___ _______ _____ __________ _______ _______ _______ ____.
______ ________ ___ _____ ____ _____ _____ __________ ________ _______ _________ ________.
_______ ____ _______ _____ ___ _________ ____.
______ ________ ____ _______ ______ ____ __________ __________ ___ ______.
__________ ____ ___ _____ ________.
_____ _____ _________ ___ ___ ___ ____ _____ _________.
_________ ____ _____ _____ ___.
_______ __________ __________ _______ __________.
_____ ________ _______ _____ _________ _______.
______ ___ _____ ________ ____ __________ ______ _________.
_____ ____ ___ _____ _________.
____ ______ _________ ____ ____ ___ ________.
_____ ______ __________ ____ _____ ______.
______ __________ _______ _______ _______ ___ ___ _______ _______ _______ _____ _______.
______ _____ _________ ____ ____ ________ __________.
__________ ______ __________ ____ ____ _____ _______.
__________ _________ ______ _____ ____ ________ ________ ___ _____ ________ ___ ______.
_____ __________ ___ ____ ____ ___ ____ ________ ___ ___ _____ _______.
________ ____ ___ __________ _________ _________ ______ ____ ______ _____ ________.
___ _______ _______ _________ _____ ________ ________ _______ _______.
_________ ___ _________ ____ __________ ______ ______.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp