What are the practices for implementing the CIA triad in data security?

The CIA triad—Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability—is a foundational model in information security. It guides the development and implementation of security policies, systems, and technologies to protect data from unauthorized access, tampering, or loss. In the context of Security and Cyber Laws, implementing the CIA triad is essential for ensuring compliance, reducing risk, and safeguarding organizational and individual data. The following practices are employed to implement each component of the CIA triad in data security effectively:

1. Confidentiality

Confidentiality ensures that sensitive information is accessed only by authorized individuals. In legal and cybersecurity frameworks, this principle is reinforced by data protection laws such as the Information Technology Act, 2000 (India), the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and others. The following practices support confidentiality:

• Access Control Mechanisms: Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) limit data access based on user roles or attributes. This restricts access to sensitive information only to individuals with appropriate clearance.

• Encryption: Data encryption in transit (using protocols like TLS) and at rest (using _______ _________ __________ ________ _______ _________ __________ ______ ___.
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