What are the impacts of adoption of genetically modified crops?

Genetically modified (GM) crop technology was widely adopted for commercial use in 1996 and is mainly used in corn, soybean, cotton, and canola crops.  In 2018, 48% of the global plantings of these four crops utilized biotechnology.  The main traits conferred to these crops through this technology are insect resistance (GM IR) and herbicide tolerance (GM HT).  These traits help produce high crop yields and lend themselves well to the monocropping farm techniques used for these commercial crops.  While GM technology is less commonly used in specialty crops, it presents an opportunity to address the global food crisis if used in this manner.  The current global food system is not sustainable.  A rapidly increasing world population, climate change, and crop pests such as insects and weeds present a significant challenge to the global food system.  The field of dietetics practices at the intersection of nutrition, health, and sustainability.  As such, it is critical to understand the current state of the global food system and the practices and technologies that influence it.

Farmers have different socio-economic motivations for adopting GM crops. Significant socio-economic determinants include: gender associated aspects  individual and social learning educational level and expected benefits and uncertainty. For GM adopters, potential changes in yield and economic returns depend on current and previous crops and specific trait characteristics; ______ _____ _______ ________ _________ ___.
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