What are the civil remedies available for author’s special rights? Define punitive damages and why courts are awarding the same?

The most importance civil remedy is the grant of interlocutory injunction since most actions start with an application for some interlocutory relief and in most cases the matter never goes beyond the interlocutory stage.

The other civil remedies include damages - actual and conversion; rendition of accounts of profits and delivery up.

This paper is confined to remedies available in common law jurisdictions and it may well be that in civil law countries, the emphasis or focus is somewhat different.

i) INTERLOCUTORY INJUCTIONS:

The principles on which interlocutory injunctions should be granted were discussed in detail in the English case of American Cyanamid v Ethicon Ltd. [1975] AC 368 (HL(E)]. After this case, it was believed that the classic requirements for the grant of interim injunction, namely,

a) Prima facie case

b) Balance of Convenience; and

c) Irreparable injury

had been modified and there was no need to establish a strong or even a prima facie case but it was sufficient to show that there was a triable issue. Lord Diplock's oft quoted _________ ______ _________ _________ _______ ______ ___ ____ ________ ________ __________ _________.
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