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A dependent economy is one that functions under the influence and dominance of stronger external economies, typically the industrialized or developed nations. The characteristics of such an economy reflect its structural subordination to global powers, creating a relationship that favors the interests of developed nations at the expense of underdeveloped ones. One of the most visible characteristics is the reliance on primary commodity exports. Dependent economies largely produce raw materials such as minerals, agricultural products, or energy resources that are exported to developed nations. In return, they import manufactured and value-added goods. This creates an imbalance where the dependent economy fails to develop its industrial base, as its resources and productive capacity are primarily directed outward to serve external demands. Another important characteristic is the external determination of economic policies. In a dependent economy, policies are often shaped by the needs of foreign investors, multinational corporations, or global institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. This results in a limited autonomy in decision-making and a tendency to adopt policies favorable to external interests rather than domestic development priorities. For instance, the encouragement of liberalization, deregulation, and privatization may serve the interests of global capital but often undermines local industries and labor. A dependent economy also demonstrates structural dualism, where a modern, externally linked sector coexists with a vast traditional sector. The modern sector is usually foreign-owned or controlled, particularly in industries like mining, energy, or large-scale agriculture, while the majority of the population remains engaged in low-productivity, _________ _______ _______ _____ __________ _______.
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