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Migration is not a gender-neutral process; it is deeply shaped by social norms, power relations, and structural inequalities that differ for men and women. Gender influences who migrates, why they migrate, how migration is experienced, and what consequences it produces for individuals, families, and communities. Understanding the gendered causes and impacts of migration requires attention to both the push and pull factors that operate differently across genders, as well as the varied outcomes that migration produces in economic, social, cultural, and political domains. One of the primary gendered causes of migration lies in economic necessity, but the nature of this necessity is often structured by gender roles. In many societies, men are traditionally viewed as breadwinners, leading to male-dominated labor migration, particularly in sectors such as construction, manufacturing, and agriculture. However, increasing globalization and changes in labor markets have created a demand for female labor in domestic work, caregiving, textiles, and service industries. Women migrate not only to support their families financially but also to escape limited economic opportunities and patriarchal constraints in their home regions. Thus, feminization of migration has become a notable trend, reflecting both opportunity and compulsion. Marriage and family-related factors are also significant gendered drivers of migration. Women frequently migrate due to marriage, particularly in societies where patrilocal residence is practiced, requiring women to move to their husband’s home. In diaspora contexts, arranged marriages across borders contribute to ___ _______ _______ ______ __________ _____ _______ ________ ________ _______ ___.
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