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(i) Initial and boundary conditions are constraints required to solve differential equations describing physical systems. Initial conditions specify the state of the system at the beginning of observation, usually at time (t = 0). For example, in heat conduction, the initial temperature distribution is (T(x,0) = f(x)). Boundary conditions specify the behavior of the ____ ____ _________ _________ _________ _______ ______ ________ _________ ____ __________ ____.
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