What are complex diseases? Briefly discuss the role of environmental factors affecting complex diseases. 

Complex diseases, also known as multifactorial or polygenic diseases, are medical conditions that result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Unlike single-gene disorders, where a single gene mutation is primarily responsible for the disease, complex diseases involve multiple genetic variations, each contributing a small effect, along with environmental factors.

The role of environmental factors in complex diseases is significant. Environmental factors refer to external influences that individuals are exposed to throughout their lives, such as lifestyle choices, diet, physical activity, exposure to toxins, infectious agents, stress levels, and socioeconomic factors. These environmental factors can interact with genetic predispositions to influence the development and progression of complex diseases. Here's how environmental factors affect complex diseases:

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