What are biological toxicants? Describe with some examples.

Biological toxicants are substances produced by living organisms, such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, or viruses, that are harmful to humans, animals, or the environment. These toxicants can cause a wide range of adverse health effects, including poisoning, organ damage, and even death, depending on the type and level of exposure. Unlike synthetic toxicants, which are man-made, biological toxicants originate in nature and can be either naturally occurring or biologically produced by certain organisms as part of their metabolic processes or as a defense mechanism.

The study of biological toxicants is an important part of environmental toxicology, which deals with the impact of harmful chemicals and biological agents on ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. The toxicity of a substance can vary greatly based on factors such as the concentration, route of exposure, and individual susceptibility. The harmful effects of biological toxicants are often linked to their ability to interfere with cellular processes, enzymes, and proteins, leading to physiological disruptions. In this context, biological toxicants can be broadly categorized into different groups based on their origin, structure, and mechanism of action.

Types of Biological Toxicants:

1. Bacterial Toxins  
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