What are adsorption indicators? Explain the principle of adsorption indicators taking the example of Fajan’s method for the determination of chloride ions using silver nitrate. 

Adsorption Indicators are substances that indicate an excess of a reactant in argentometric titrations. Precipitate becomes colored when adsorption indicators is adsorbed.

Adsorption indicator methods were first developed by

Fajans. Dichlorofluorescein, a weak organic acid, may be used for the titration of

chloride with silver(I). The dichlorofluoresceinate anion tends to be adsorbed on

the surface of precipitated silver chloride, but not so strongly as chloride. In the

first stages of a titration, chloride ions in solution are adsorbed preferentially on

the surface of the precipitate. As the titration proceeds, the chloride ion concentration decreases until it approaches a small value at the equivalence

point. After the equivalence point a slight excess of the silver ion is present, and

the attraction between adsorbed silver ion and dichlorofluoresceinate anion

causes the latter to be adsorbed onto the surface of the precipitate. This adsorbed

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