What alternative measures could be taken to avoid burning of crop residues? What are the possible options for managing crop residues in the present scenario?

Alternative measures could be taken to avoid burning of crop residues are as follows -

• Application of farm yard manure (FYM) to the field.
• Use of rice straw/husk, wheat bhusa as bedding materials in the cattle shed.
• Storage of cow/buffalo dung in the ground surface for 6-8 month and its subsequent broadcast in the field during summer.
• Browsing of residues of harvested crops during summer by herds of goats and sheep
• Burying weeds and wild rice in rice field, which eventually decompose and augment plant available nutrient supply.
• Mulching: crop residues such as sorghum straw, soybean trash, dried weeds are used for this purpose. Mulching reduces runoff, reduced losses of soil and plant nutrients from cultivated lands.
• Polas (Butea monosperma) leaves are commonly used as mulch in vegetables for controlling weeds and conserving soil moisture. Subsequently, dried leaves are incorporated into the soil with __________ ___ __________ ______ ___ ______ ___.
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