Word Count : 332

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The scalar theory of diffraction assumes that the electromagnetic field can be represented by a scalar function (U(\mathbf{r}, t)) that satisfies the Helmholtz equation: [ \nabla^2 U + k^2 U = 0 ] where (k = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda}) is the wave number. Consider a monochromatic wave incident on an aperture in the plane (z = 0), and let (U_0(x_0, y_0)) denote the field distribution in this plane. We want the field (U(P)) at a point (P(x, y, z)) in space beyond the aperture. According _________ ___ _____ ________ _____ __________ _______ ________.
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