Under which mode of entry the international business firm can start international marketing without any investments abroad? Explain it along with its merits and limitations. 

International marketing is a critical strategy for businesses looking to expand their operations beyond domestic borders. However, entering international markets can be complex and challenging, especially for firms with limited resources and expertise in foreign markets. In such cases, adopting an entry mode that allows the firm to start international marketing without significant investments abroad can be advantageous.

One such entry mode is exporting, which involves selling products or services produced in the home country to customers in foreign markets. Exporting enables companies to tap into international markets without establishing a physical presence in those countries, making it an attractive option for businesses seeking a low-cost entry strategy. This essay will explore exporting as a mode of entry for international marketing, its merits, and its limitations.

Exporting as a Mode of Entry:

Exporting involves the sale of goods or services across national borders, and it can be classified into two primary categories: direct exporting and indirect exporting.

a) Direct Exporting: Direct exporting occurs when a company sells its products or services directly to customers in foreign markets. The company may establish its distribution network, have a local sales force, and handle marketing and after-sales service in the foreign country. Direct exporting offers better control over the international marketing process, allowing the company to tailor its approach to suit local market needs.

b) Indirect Exporting: Indirect exporting involves selling products or services to an intermediary, such as an export trading company or a __________ __________ ______ ______ ___ _______ ____ _________.
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