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The described client-server application demonstrates a basic but important concept of network programming in which a client sends a string to a server, the server processes the received data, and the processed results are returned to the client. This type of application helps in understanding socket programming, communication between distributed processes, data transmission, server-side processing, and orderly termination of a network connection. In a Network Programming and Administration Lab, such a program is useful for learning how TCP-based client-server communication works in practice. The communication begins when the server program is started. The server creates a socket using the appropriate socket system call. A socket acts as an endpoint through which two programs communicate over a network. For a TCP-based application, the server generally creates a socket using the `socket()` function with the appropriate address family and stream socket type. The server then associates the socket with a specific IP address and port number using `bind()`. The port number provides a logical communication endpoint through which clients can locate the server. After binding the socket, the server invokes `listen()` to place the socket into a passive listening state. This allows it to wait for connection requests from clients. The server subsequently _________ ________ __________ _______ _________ __________ ___ _________ ________ ______ ______.
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