The invisibility of women in dairying. 

Community organization refers to the structure, composition, and interactions of species within an ecological community. This organization is shaped by a variety of processes, both biotic and abiotic, that determine species diversity, population densities, spatial distribution, and ecological roles. In the context of global climate change, these processes are being significantly altered, leading to shifts in community structures across ecosystems worldwide.

### Processes Affecting Community Organisation

1. Environmental Filtering:

Environmental filtering is the process by which abiotic factors—such as temperature, precipitation, pH, and salinity—determine which species can survive and thrive in a particular habitat. Under global climate change, shifts in temperature and rainfall patterns are acting as new filters. For example, in alpine ecosystems, warming temperatures are allowing lowland species to colonize higher elevations, displacing native cold-adapted species. Similarly, ocean acidification due to increased CO₂ levels is affecting coral reef communities, filtering out species that cannot tolerate lower pH levels.

2. Disturbance Regimes:

Disturbances such as wildfires, floods, hurricanes, and droughts play a key role in shaping community organization. These disturbances can reset community composition and provide opportunities for colonization and succession. Climate change is increasing both the frequency and intensity of such disturbances. For instance, increased droughts in Mediterranean ecosystems are favoring fire-adapted species while reducing populations of species with low drought tolerance.

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