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Women play a critical yet often invisible role in the fisheries sector across the world, contributing significantly to fish processing, marketing, aquaculture, gleaning, and small-scale fisheries while facing challenges rooted in gender inequalities, restricted access to resources, and lack of recognition in policy frameworks. The status of women in fisheries varies across regions but shares common threads of marginalisation and underrepresentation in decision-making spaces despite their pivotal contributions to household nutrition, community livelihoods, and the fisheries economy. In many developing countries, women are heavily involved in post-harvest activities such as fish processing, drying, and marketing, which are labour-intensive and underpaid compared to men’s participation in capture fisheries. In West Africa, particularly in countries like Ghana, Senegal, and Nigeria, women dominate the fish processing and marketing sector, handling approximately 80% of post-harvest activities. However, they often lack access to cold storage, credit, and transport facilities, making them vulnerable to economic exploitation and post-harvest losses. In Ghana, women fish traders known as ‘fish mammies’ manage significant local markets, but their bargaining power is limited due to dependence on male fishers for raw fish and high interest rates on informal loans. In Southeast Asia, women play substantial roles in both capture fisheries and aquaculture. In countries like the Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam, women participate in fish farming, seaweed cultivation, and small-scale fishing in coastal waters and inland water bodies. However, their contributions are often seen as extensions of household duties rather than productive work, leading to a lack of formal recognition in labour statistics and fisheries management plans. Women in these regions face occupational hazards including unsafe working conditions, physical strain, and health issues due to prolonged exposure to water and harsh weather, which are often unaddressed in occupational safety frameworks. In South Asia, particularly in India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, women are involved in inland fisheries and aquaculture, as well as post-harvest operations. They participate in net mending, sorting, cleaning, drying, and fish marketing, but their roles are often informal and unpaid within family-based enterprises. In India, women contribute to ornamental fish breeding and small-scale aquaculture but lack access to credit, training, and decision-making platforms, restricting their ability to scale ______ _________ ___ _________ ____ __________ ___ ______ ________ _____ _______.
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