Word Count : 639

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Attia Hosain’s *Sunlight on a Broken Column* is a significant work of women’s writing that captures the intersections of history, politics, gender, and identity in pre- and post-Independence India. The novel operates through a series of juxtapositions, parallels, and polarities, which not only enrich its narrative structure but also foreground the conflicting realities of tradition and modernity, individual desire and social obligation, and colonial legacy and nationalist aspirations. By employing such oppositions, Hosain explores the tensions that define both her protagonist Laila’s inner world and the larger sociopolitical landscape of the time. One of the central juxtapositions in the novel is that of tradition and modernity. ___ _____ ___ ________ ____.
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