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Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) is a systematic process used in disaster management to identify potential hazards, assess the risks associated with them, and develop appropriate measures to reduce or eliminate their impact. It is an essential component of disaster preparedness, mitigation, and planning. The process enables governments, organizations, industries, and communities to make informed decisions for protecting life, property, and the environment. The following are the major steps involved in Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment. The first step is identifying the scope and objectives of the assessment. This involves defining the geographical area, population, infrastructure, industries, or activities that will be assessed. The purpose of the assessment, such as disaster preparedness, urban planning, industrial safety, or emergency response, should also be clearly established. The second step is hazard identification. Hazards are events or conditions that have the potential to cause _____ __________ ___ _________ ___ ______ ________ _______ ____ ___ ______ ____.
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