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Drought is a slow-onset natural hazard characterized by a prolonged period of below-normal precipitation that results in water scarcity and affects agriculture, livestock, ecosystems, and socio-economic activities. Unlike sudden disasters such as earthquakes or floods, drought develops gradually, making its onset difficult to identify. It can persist for months or even years and often covers large geographical areas. Drought affects food production, drinking water availability, public health, energy generation, biodiversity, and the overall economy. In disaster management, drought is considered one of the most complex hazards because its impacts are widespread, cumulative, and long-lasting. The general characteristics of drought include deficiency of rainfall compared to the long-term average, reduction in soil moisture, depletion of groundwater and surface water resources, and decreased stream flow. Drought is characterized by uncertainty in its ____ ____ _____ ____ ____ _________ _____ ____ ____.
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