State Kirchoff’s law and derive the expression for the law. Also explain what is a gray surface?

Kirchhoff's laws are fundamental laws in electrical circuit theory, named after German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. There are two laws: Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL).

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL): KCL states that the algebraic sum of currents flowing into and out of a node (or a junction point) in a circuit is zero. In other words, the sum of all the currents entering a node is equal to the sum of all the currents leaving the node. This law is based on the principle of conservation of charge.

Mathematically, KCL can be expressed as: Σi = 0 where Σi is the sum of all currents entering the node and is equal to the sum of all currents ________ ___ _____ _____ ___ ______ _________ __________ __________ __________ _______ ____.
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