State Fourier’s law and explain the various terms in the expression for Fourier’s law. Also give its features.

**Fourier's Law** is a fundamental principle in the field of heat transfer, describing the relationship between the rate of heat transfer through a material and the temperature gradient across it. The law is expressed mathematically as:

\[ \dot{Q} = -kA \frac{dT}{dx} \]

Where:
- \( \dot{Q} \) is the rate of heat transfer (in watts or joules per second).
- \( k \) is the thermal conductivity of the material (in watts per meter per kelvin or W/(m·K)).
- \( A \) is the cross-sectional area through which heat is transferred (in square meters or m²).
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