Stable carbon isotopes in soils

Stable isotopes of carbon (¹³C and ¹²C) in soil organic matter and in pedogenic carbonate provide a means of paleoenvironmental reconstruction because the ratio of these two isotopes is influenced by biological, physical, and chemical reactions. The C₃ and C₄ plant communities that _________ ____ ___ __________ __________ ________ ________ ____.
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