Shadow prices

A shadow price is the monetary value assigned to an abstract or intangible commodity which is not traded in the marketplace. This often takes the form of an externality. Shadow prices are also known as the recalculation of known market prices in order to account for the presence of distortionary market instruments (e.g. quotes, tariffs, taxes or subsidies). Shadow Prices are the real economic prices given to goods & services after they have been appropriately adjusted by removing distortionary market instruments and incorporating the societal impact of the respective good or service. A shadow price is often calculated based on a group of assumptions and estimates because it lacks _____ _______ _____ __________ ________ __________ ________ ____ ______.
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