Select a patient from your clinical field (i) Collect the subjective and objective data, (ii) Make nursing diagnosis, (iii) Prioritize the needs, (iv) Plan and implement the nursing care using nursing process approach

In the clinical setting, I have selected a patient named Mrs. X, a 60-year-old female admitted with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation. She presents with shortness of breath, cough with greenish sputum, and a history of smoking for the past 40 years. The following steps outline the nursing process approach for assessing and addressing her needs.

(i) Subjective and Objective Data Collection:

- Subjective Data:
  - Chief Complaint: Mrs. X complains of increasing difficulty breathing for the past 3 days, along with a productive cough with greenish sputum.
  - Medical History: She has a 40-year history of smoking (1 pack per day) and is a known case of COPD for the last 5 years. She has frequent hospital admissions due to exacerbations of COPD.
  - Current Symptoms: She reports feeling fatigued, has difficulty completing daily tasks, and experiences intermittent chest tightness.
  - Social History: Mrs. X lives with her daughter and grandson. She is independent in her activities of daily living (ADLs) but finds it increasingly difficult to perform tasks due to breathlessness.
  - Medication History: Mrs. X is on inhaled bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and occasional antibiotics during exacerbations. She also uses oxygen at night as prescribed by her doctor.

- Objective Data:
  - Vital Signs: Temperature 37°C, heart rate 98 bpm, respiratory rate 22 breaths per minute, blood pressure 130/85 mmHg, oxygen saturation 88% on room air, and weight 75 kg.
  - Physical Examination:
    - General Appearance: Mrs. X appears mildly anxious, slightly pale, and is sitting upright to facilitate breathing.
    - Respiratory System: Bilateral wheezing, decreased breath sounds in the lower lobes, use of accessory muscles ________ ______ ______ _____ _____.
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