Explain pathophysiology of acute gastrointestinal bleeding, with the help of a flow chart.
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition, evaluation, and management. The pathophysiology of acute gastrointestinal bleeding involves various etiologies, anatomic locations, and physiological mechanisms. To better understand the pathophysiology, let's divide it into two main categories: upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and lower GI bleeding.
UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING:
Upper GI bleeding refers to bleeding originating from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). The pathophysiology of upper GI bleeding can be represented in the following flow chart:
```
+-------------------------+
| Upper GI Bleeding |
+---------------+----------+
|
+--------v---------+
| Peptic Ulcers |
+--------+---------+
|
+----------v----------+
| Mucosal Erosions |
+----------+----------+
|
+----------v----------+
| Esophageal Varices |
+----------+----------+
|
+----------v----------+
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